Alaska's vast wilderness offers some of the world's most breathtaking and challenging backcountry experiences. The "Last Frontier" calls to adventurers with its towering glaciers and sprawling tundra. However, an overnight trip here requires more than just a sense of adventure it demands careful planning, respect for nature, and a commitment to safety.
Choose Your Destination
Alaska's size can be overwhelming, so the first step is to narrow down your options. Are you drawn to the dramatic peaks of the Alaska Range, the coastal rainforests of the Southeast, or the wide-open tundra of the Arctic? Each region offers a unique experience and set of challenges.
Popular areas for backcountry travel include:
● Denali National Park and Preserve: Famous for its iconic peak, Denali offers a rugged wilderness experience. The park is divided into units, and backcountry permits are required. These are issued in person, on a first-come, first-served basis, no more than one day before your trip begins.
● Chugach State Park: Located near Anchorage, this park is one of the most accessible options for backcountry trips. With over 500,000 acres of mountains, glaciers, and rivers, it offers endless opportunities for exploration.
● Katmai National Park and Preserve: Known for its large brown bear population, particularly at Brooks Falls, Katmai provides a truly wild experience. Backcountry permits are mandatory and can be obtained online in advance. Finding suitable places to stay in Katmai National Park before and after your backcountry segment is also crucial for a well-rounded trip.
● Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve: As the largest national park in the U.S., it offers unparalleled solitude. Its sheer scale means you can explore for days without seeing another person.
When choosing, consider your experience level, the time of year, and the type of terrain you want to explore. Always check with the local park service or land management agency for specific regulations, permit requirements, and current trail or area conditions before you go.
Pack Your Gear Essentials
Your gear is your lifeline in the Alaskan backcountry. Investing in quality equipment is essential for comfort and safety. Here’s a checklist of the basics:
The "Big Three"
These are typically the heaviest items in your pack, so choosing lightweight yet durable options is key.
● Backpack: A 50-70 liter pack is generally sufficient for a 1-3 night trip. Ensure it fits comfortably and can carry the weight of your gear.
● Tent: A three-season tent is adequate for most summer trips, but a four-season tent is recommended for shoulder seasons or high-altitude adventures. It must be waterproof and able to withstand strong winds.
● Sleeping System: A sleeping bag rated for temperatures at least 10-15 degrees colder than the expected low is a safe bet. Alaskan nights can be surprisingly chilly, even in summer. A high-quality insulated sleeping pad is also crucial for warmth and comfort.
Clothing & Footwear
Layering is the key to staying comfortable in Alaska's unpredictable weather.
● Base Layer: Moisture-wicking materials like merino wool or synthetics.
● Mid Layer: An insulating layer like a fleece or down jacket.
● Outer Layer: A waterproof and windproof jacket and pants are non-negotiable.
● Footwear: Sturdy, waterproof hiking boots with good ankle support are essential. Bring extra pairs of wool or synthetic socks.
Cooking & Hydration
● Stove and Fuel: A reliable backpacking stove is necessary for cooking and boiling water.
● Cookware: A pot, utensil, and mug.
● Water Treatment: A filter, purification tablets, or a UV sterilizer. Never drink untreated water from Alaskan streams or lakes due to the risk of giardia.
● Food Storage: A bear-resistant food canister (BRFC) is required in many areas.
Plan and Prepare Your Food
Food is your fuel in the backcountry. Plan for high-calorie, lightweight meals. Dehydrated or freeze-dried meals are a popular choice. Supplement these with energy-dense snacks like nuts, dried fruit, and energy bars.
Plan for about 1.5 to 2.5 pounds of food per person, per day, depending on the trip's difficulty. Pack one extra day's worth of food in case of an emergency that extends your trip. Always repackage food to minimize bulk and waste.
Prioritize Safety and Emergencies
Safety should be your top priority. The Alaskan wilderness is unforgiving.
● First-Aid Kit: Carry a comprehensive first-aid kit and know how to use it.
● Wildlife Safety: Alaska is bear country. Carry bear spray and know how to use it. Make noise while hiking to avoid surprising bears. Store all food and scented items in a bear canister away from your tent. Be aware of other wildlife like moose, which can also be dangerous.
● Emergency Communication: Cell service is non-existent in most backcountry areas. A satellite phone or a personal locator beacon (PLB) is a critical piece of safety equipment for emergency communication.
● Leave an Itinerary: Always leave a detailed itinerary with a trusted friend or family member. Include your planned route, campsites, and your expected return date.
Master Navigation Skills and Tools
Many Alaskan trails are unmaintained or non-existent. You must be proficient in navigation.
● Map and Compass: These are your most reliable tools. Learn how to read a topographic map and use a compass before your trip.
● GPS/Smartphone: A GPS device or a smartphone with a navigation app can be a helpful backup, but do not rely on it as your primary tool. Batteries can die, and electronics can fail. Bring a power bank if you plan to use one.
Practice Leave No Trace Principles
To protect Alaska’s pristine environment, strictly adhere to the seven Leave No Trace principles:
- Plan Ahead and Prepare: You're doing that right now!
- Travel and Camp on Durable Surfaces: Use established trails and campsites whenever possible.
- Dispose of Waste Properly: Pack it in, pack it out. This includes all trash and food scraps.
- Leave What You Find: Preserve the wild character of the landscape.
- Minimize Campfire Impacts: Use a backpacking stove for cooking. Campfires are often prohibited and can cause lasting damage.
- Respect Wildlife: Observe animals from a distance. Never feed them.
- Be Considerate of Other Visitors: Preserve the quiet and solitude for everyone.
After Your Adventure
Once you're safely back from your trip, a few final steps are important.
● Check in: The first thing you should do is contact the person holding your itinerary to let them know you're safe.
● Clean and Store Your Gear: Properly cleaning and drying your tent, sleeping bag, and cooking gear will extend their lifespan and ensure they're ready for your next outing.
● Reflect and Plan: What worked well? What didn’t? What gear would have been useful? Use your experience to refine your system for future adventures. Every trip is a learning opportunity.
Conclusion
Preparing for an Alaskan backcountry trip requires careful planning of your destination, gear, food, and safety measures. This preparation sets you up for a successful and transformative experience in Alaska's wild heart, allowing you to safely enjoy its unique rewards.
Alaska Backcountry Guide: Your First Overnight Trip